Impacts of Whakama and Implications on Hauora Outcome

Impacts of Whakama and Implications on Hauora Outcome Simran kaur brar 1.1 Choose any four of the following and briefly analyse what effect each one would have on the hauora of a MÄ ori client) Shame: Sometimes MÄ ori clients feel shame to explain personal problems and personal diseases with other person. They feel unsafe or shame to expose their body parts in the front of other person.They feel shy to discuss their problem with female doctor or health worker.The outcome of this problem is that if one doctor or nurse take care to the MÄ ori client by this client trust on him or her and they discuss their problem openly. Self doubt: Some clinet have self doubt about somethings so they took wrong way.When the client have self doubt about somethings they dropped their confidence level and it put bad effect on client,s health because they do not explain their problem properly so that’s why doctor or nurse cannot treat the client properly .The outcome of this is that if the doctor or nurse treat,communicate and take care in good way by this client put trust on them. Feeling inferior: Some client feel inferior to discuss our problems with others and they feel agitate while exposed their body parts in the front of doctor and health worker and they feel uncomfortable when they explain their problem with doctor and health worker.If doctor,health worker and client have a good understanding between them client cannot feel inferior. Feeling misunderstood: Some MÄ ori client feeling misunderstood regarding culture when their body. Sometime health worker change the client,s pad but not ask him in that situation client feel misunderstood so if health worker communicate with the client before doing their work it is beneficial for client. 1.2 Select any 4 and analyse the impact of each one within a hauora context. One to one consultation with a health worker: If client discuss their sexualy problem with same gender they not feel shy this is very benefical for him because they like privesy and they explain their problem openly. Docter and health worker treat him with right way so it helpful for him. One to one consultation with a health worker of a different gender: Client feel hesitate when he discuss their problem with different gender .They cannot explain their problem properly and caregiver also cannot explain their problem to the male doctor .So doctor cannot give the treatment to the client properly and it is not good for client,s health. Consumer survey: It is not a affective way because MÄ ori client do not response to survey.Doctor cannot give treatment to the client in proper way by this problem cannot be solve and it is not good for client health.So face to face approach is more beneficial Group consultation with a health worker of a different gender: It may be inappropriate and it is very hard for client because they feel uncomfortable to discuss their problem in the front of other so it put negative empact on client. 1.3 Identify and analyse 2 adverse socio cultural and 2 socio economic factors which could cause whakama and affect hauora outcomes for  MÄ ori Adverse socio cultural factor one Lack of identity: MÄ ori are affected by lack of identity becauce of cultural and economic factors. Lack of connection, generational impact. These issues put big impacts on MÄ ori health. So if care giver have a knowlage about culture,language by this way they can easly understand the client Poor education achievement: if care giver have a knowledge about language and cultura by this they can understand the problem of client because if they have no knowledge they can not understand client problem. Adverse socio economic factor Education: The MÄ ori people economic factor is not good. Mosty MÄ ori peoples have not peoperly skilled and they do not paid.More MÄ ori are not doing work government take them all the skilles .They are very important part of newzealand economy because this is a land of MÄ ori. Employment: Mostly MÄ ori people not doing work and they face many difficulties due to lack of education.They face health and income problem. 2.1(a) Negative impacts of whakama on hauora Isolation and feeling unsafe while in hospital setting: Sometime MÄ ori client feel shy and uncomfortable with other.They cannot discuss their problem confidently because they feel shame by this problem doctor cannot take him proper treatment and it puts bad effect on his health. Feelings of whakama if using rongoa: some MÄ ori clients feel inferior to discuss our problem with others.They feel agitate in the front of doctor and health worker when exposed their body parts and they feel inferior when explain their peoblem in front of doctor. Literacy: It can also put effect on MÄ ori client. If MÄ ori client can less literate that can be put effect on their health  and our income. 2.1(b) Positive impacts of whakama on hauora Tikanga best practice guidelines: If care giver give respect to the client and sharing all resources by this client share all the problem with care giver .Good repport is Literacy: Literacy is also the effect on hauora.Do good arrangement of education for MÄ ori client because education improve the literacy and economic condition.By education MÄ ori safe their culture. Code of rights: Treat the client with respect,treat with care and receive the right servicesand explain all the condition to the client and listened the client carefully in this way client put trust on the care giver and share all the problem openly this is very good for his health. 1.1(b) Relationship grouping Interconnections First principles Key concepts Kohungahunga- Maatua Matua Tamariki Matua: -parent Kohungahunga: -children They take care of them ,educate them and help them They fulfill the all that basic needs of them. They guide him in all the important decision making in life. Whanua-relationship between parent and child Whanau- Its main responsibility of the maatua to take care of kohungahunga and provide him a safe and caring environment Whenua- Maatua ensures that child is getting safe land to grow up. Tinana- matua always remember to take care of child’s body movement caring his body. Hinengaro – all the feelings and the thoughts of the child is highly appreciated by maatua Whakapapa-matua and kohungahunga has a strong relationship and he is deeply attached with the matua. Whanaungatanga-matua provide him all that things needed to be survive. Kaitiakitanga – they all make him feel his is in safe hands and they will always take care of them. Rangatahi Pakeke Kaumatua Rangatahi: -youth Pakeke: -adult Kaumatua: -elder, These relations are generational They provide guidance They give knowledge about their culture and religious beliefs Wairau They build relationships Teach MÄ ori language. Hinengaro They provider leadership they become role models, provide guidance. Whakapapa The traditional knowledge is nurtured and is not lost Whanauntanga Strengthens the relationship, language cultural belongings and mentor. Pakeke Kaumatua Pakeke: -adult Kaumatua: -elder They are intergeneratio-nal The kaumatua are the role models They pass down about the marae,iwi and hapu by oral history story or by singing wayata Wairua They build relationships Teach MÄ ori language. Hinengaro They provide leadership they become role models, provide guidance. Kaitiakitanga Exercise mana of hapu and iwi through kawanatanga Provide guardianship. Tuakana Teina Tuakana: -Elder siblings Teina- Younger siblings They are in the same family and they respect each other. They may be the role models for others. Includingly they also provide knowledge and guidance Hinengaro Looks at the role of older and younger. The siblings. Whanauntanga They guide each other. Tane Wahine Tane: -man Wahine: -woman The men have leadership quality in them and they command the family The women has the role of kahikaronga They both look after each other Whenua They teach to respect the culture. Wairau They meet at marae build relationships and both are role models. Whanaungatanga Relationship with Marae they play their roles and responsibility. Tikanga Follow the protocols Hapu Iwi Hapu: -sub-tribes Iwi: -tribes They are intergenerational. Mana they share cultures, teach from elders to the youngest Tane is the leader Whanua They support the families. They have nuclear and extended families, Whenua They provide knowledge on how to look after the land and how to protect it. Whakapapa They have connections. Pass on cultural identity Whanaungatanga Strengths the relationship Whakapapa extends the whanua members. Kohungahunga Wahine Matua Kohungahunga: -infant, Wahine: -mother Matua: -parent There is very close relation between the mother and the infant, mother feeds the baby through umbilical cord, looks after the baby, nurtures the needs and wants. Fulfill all the neccesities Protect the baby from any kind of danger. Whanua The relations between mother and father before pregnancy and after. Tinana Mother looks for the basic necessity of infant. Whanaugatanga Extends the whanau. Strengthens the relationships substances like feeding teaching, language and customs. Kaitiakitanga They provide guardianships Looks after the child and teach them knowledge. 1.2 First principles Key concepts Development Maintenance Continuity Whenua They teach to respect the culture. Wairua They meet at marae build relatioships and both being role models. Whanaungatanga-Relationship with marae they play their roles and responsibility. Kaitiakitanga follow the protocols Teaching on how to protect the land The knowledge the gain about the culture identity know how to look after the land making your self confidence in learning about the culture maintaining the identity Through building relationsh-ips learning more about MÄ ori language Wairua They build relationships Teach MÄ ori language. Hinengaro They provider leadership they become role models, provide guidance. Kaitiakitanga Excise mana of hapu and iwi through kawanatanga Provide guardianship Introducing cultural identity from the very basic spiritual down into the deeper information Being role models. Hui-gathering for funerals Learning karakia and its importance(prayers) Setting examples to the youths By learning and practicing mihi-mihi. Whakataki Continuing good examples and aspects for others to lean about. Whauna The relations between mother and father before pregnancy and after. Tinana Mother looks for the basic necessity Whanaugatanga-extends the whanau. Strengthens the relationships substances like feeding teaching, language and customs . Kaitiakitanga They provide guardianships Looks after the child and teach them knowledge Whanaugatnaga linked through relationships. Procreation Proper diet of the child Exercise Participating in the stuff the child will learn. Maintaining personal hygiene for the child. The growth and support to the child given by the parents Keeping the child away from harmful substance. Whanua Teach about the marae/hapu/iwi Provide security Support them in times of need. Whakapapa The traditional knowledge is nurtured and is not lost Whanauntanga-strengthens the relationship, language cultural belongings and mentor. Learning the traditional knowledge. Strengthening the relationship Meeting up in marae. Making them do things that they can learn about Usual gathering with families and friends. Supporting them Hinengaro Looks at the role of the older and younger siblings. Whanauntanga They guide each other. Provide leadership Providing guidance Leading the friendship or family, being a role model for them Showing them the correct path Living accordance to moral and value. Continued to educate others Maintaining positive attitude

Microeconomics and faber-castell

The perfect definition of a purely competitive market in microeconomics states that there should be specific factors which must be followed in order to guarantee that firms who are participating in the business for companies which are moving in the markets do not have control of prices.   Such factors are easy transportation, perfect communication, and a host of many other variables. However, practicing the most important factor in determining a perfectly competitive states in the economy and a perfectly competitive product is the homogeneity of a certain good. And this is where our definition of commodity comes in.   In microeconomics, a commodity is usually defined as an object or a good in which there is a certain demand, but however which is supplied by firms without differentiation between the other products.   And although we are all to used associate the word commodity with absolutely anything that has to do with a good or service that we should be purchasing,   in its purest sense and definition, a commodity is characterized by something in where it is the market which defines their prices, and not any other factor of control. Note that our keyword for this point of discussion is that a quantity should not be differentiated from other goods because if it is so, then it would theoretically be able to define the market price in its own, and not because as an effect of other factors imperfect competition (Mankiw, 2006). We then come to the discussion of an article by the economist.com website where in it discusses the history of the pencil company Faber-Castell. Our discussion of Faber-Castell as a commodity now becomes sacrificed, for he can now say, after being given a definition of what a commodity is that Faber-Castell cannot possibly be a commodity.   The reason for this is that as the article discusses, unlike the many other pencils available to our global markets, both in the local and international sense, today are more or less homogeneous in nature (Economist, 2007).   Meaning that although of course they can have many other brands which define their names, we do not necessarily care among the brands because each pencil is basically the same as the other.   The case of Faber-Castell, however, is that its pencils are produced in such a way and distributed in such a way that it may be further identified as a pencil with true quality and a much higher value therefore than the other pencils available in the market. Again of course one may argue that a pencil is still a pencil.   However, as we have discovered in the reading of the article, because of the nature of how the pencil is created specifically the lead content, the wood used in creating its frame, even its eraser and design has specifically put the user into mine even up to the point of already creating a steady following for its use. The article stated extremely popular names as the handful of the people who are loyal to the use of such a pencil. The shifting of the brands classification from commodity may even be thought of as a move where in is the owner of the company, Count Anton Wolfgang von Faber-Castell .net actually classify it as not a commodity, that it would eventually do so because the quality of the pencils themselves creates its own definition (Mulligan, 2007). as we have perhaps learned in many of our economics and management courses, as well as to the floor of the many here ethical marketing books out in the market today, product integrity plays an important role in the popularity and eventually the profit maximizing value of outputs of products.   Not only would there be higher revenues and therefore higher profits in London was to say able to maintain the integrity of the company’s products, it will also serve as a self advertising method for the companies. Perhaps the closest thing that we could compare to our model of Faber-Castell is the company of General Electronics headed by Jack Welch, where it is also product integrity as low as quality of the outputs being produced that displays at the highest importance and role in the company. If we were to use a theoretical model for microeconomics in understanding the issue of product integrity, perhaps you could relate it most closely to the demand equation of the supply and demand model. although the movement in the demand curve and eventually the demand schedule is determined specifically by price, the shifting of the said curve is affected by many other variable such as the income of consumers, the tastes and preferences of consumers, the price is up for latent or substitute goods, and the other factors except for price.   It is here that we see that if we were to factor in integrity into such economic variables, ceteris paribus, we arrive at the conclusion that product integrity may also be able to shift the demand curve further upward if product integrity is maintained or increased. The opposite may also be true, however, and that is essentially the danger in economics, where in unlike the labor supply of macroeconomics by John Keynes which is sticky upwards, micro economic models such as the demand function and to demand equation are effected both ways and both sides.   Increasing the integrity of a product may be able to increase its demand and therefore increase revenues and profit, but a decrease in the integrity of the product may also be able to perform the opposite effect, which is to decrease revenues and profits as well as increased costs, therefore moving the company closer to shut down point or already above the equilibrium price. Also, if we take in Faber-Castell to our situation, we also realize that the firm’s economic model is at actually a perfectly competitive model or not even close.   What it does close to, however, is a monopoly model for the economy where in the demand curve for certain firm is downward sloping and its marginal revenue curve is also below the demand curve where in decreasing quantity produced results in an increase in price. Because of the impacts on welfare of a monopoly model of a firm in an economy, it is more or less cited as negative by economists.   However, in the real world situation where it is money that rules, we could not ignore the fact that Faber-Castell has achieved a monopoly setting again because it has shifted its commodity into a monopoly good. We therefore arrive at the final question of efficiency.   Economic efficiency highlights that there is no welfare loss, which is explained by the Pareto Optimality condition of the production possibilities frontier.   However, real world definition of efficiency states clearly higher profits (Sutton, 2007).   And in the case of our Faber-Castell model, we can perhaps say that it has achieved efficiency within itself because of how it has been able to market its good so effectively that demand is higher. Works Cited â€Å"At the sharp end; Face value.(Faber-Castell Corp.).† Economist (US), The, March   3, 2007. Mankiw, N. Gregory.   Principles of Microeconomics. Mason, OH:   South-Western College Pub, 2006. Mulligan, Mark. â€Å"Pencil me in: the CEO of Faber-Castell, the world's top pencil maker, sets his sights on Latin America. Why not? Most of his production is already in Brazil.† Latin CEO: Executive Strategies for the Americas , June   1, 2001. Sutton, John.   Sunk Costs and Market Structure: Price Competition, Advertising, and the Evolution of Concentration. Cambridge, Massachusetts:   The Mit Press, 2007.   

Manegerial Rolls and Skills

Answer. To meet the many demands of performing their functions, managers assume multiple roles. Henry mintzberg has identified ten roles common to the work of all managers. The ten roles are divided into three groups: interpersonal, informational, and decisional. The informational roles link all managerial work together. The interpersonal roles ensure that information is provided. The decisional roles make significant use of the information. The performance of managerial roles and the requirements of these roles can be played at different times by the same manager and to different degrees depending on the level and function of management. The ten roles are described individually, but they form an integrated whole. The idea of a role comes from sociology and is the pattern of actions expected of a person in his activities involving others. It arises as a result of the position that he occupies in a group in a given situation. Thus, a manager who occupies different positions in different situations plays different roles because people in each situation have different expectations of him concerning his functions. Interpersonal Roles: The three interpersonal roles are primarily concerned with interpersonal relationships. In the figurehead role, the manager represents the organization in all matters of formality. The top-level manager represents the company legally and socially to those outside of the organization. The Informational Role: The direct relationships with people in the interpersonal roles place the manager in a unique position to get information. Thus, the three informational roles are primarily concerned with the information aspects of managerial work. The Decisional Role: The unique access to information places the manager at the centre of organizational decision-making. There are four decisional roles. In the entrepreneur role, the manager initiates change. Q. 4 What are the factors influencing perception? † question. The assignment question is written for SMU MBA MB0038 assignment. We already have shared some solved assignments for MB0038 – Classification of Personality Types of Myers and Briggs and Methods of Shaping Behavior. Answer. Factors Influencing Perception: A number of factors operate to shape and sometimes distort perception. These factors can reside: 1)In the perceiver ) In the object or target being perceived or 3) In the context of the situation in which the perception is made 1. Characteristics of the perceiver: Several characteristics of the perceiver can affect perception. When an individual looks at a target and attempts to interpret what he or she stands for, that interpretation is heavily influenced by personal characteristics of the individual perceiver. The major characteristics of the perceiver influencing percep tion are: a) Attitudes: The perceiver’s attitudes affect perception. This attitude will doubtless affect his perceptions of the female candidates he interviews. b) Moods: Moods can have a strong influence on the way we perceive someone. We think differently when we are happy than we do when we are depressed. c) Motives: Unsatisfied needs or motives stimulate individuals and may exert a strong influence on their perceptions. d) Self-Concept: Another factor that can affect social perception is the perceiver’s self-concept. An individual with a positive self-concept tends to notice positive attributes in another person. ) Interest: The focus of our attention appears to be influenced by our interests. Because our individual interest differs considerably, what one person notices in a situation can differ from what others perceive. f) Cognitive Structure: Cognitive Structure, an individual’s pattern of thinking, also affects perception. Some people have a tendency to perceive physical traits, such as height, weight, and appearances more readil y. g) Expectations: Finally, expectations can distort your perceptions in that you will see what you expect to see. The research findings of the study conducted by Sheldon S Zalkind and Timothy W Costello on some specific characteristics of the perceiver reveal knowing oneself makes it easier to see others accurately. One’s own characteristics affect the characteristics one is likely to see in others. People who accept themselves are more likely to be able to see favourable aspects of other people. Accuracy in perceiving others is not a single skill. These four characteristics greatly influence how a person perceives others in the environmental situation.

Child Abuse And Its Effect On Children Essay - 2352 Words

Introduction Child abuse is becoming an epidemic in the United States of America and the numbers are growing yearly. The correct definition of child abuse is when a parent or caregiver causes harm, injury, death, emotional harm, etc. It also stated that child abuse can occur when a parent or caregiver does not do anything about the harm being caused to them. Physical abuse is a form of child abuse that causes physical harm to a child, such as, hitting, kicking, pinching, etc. Sexual abuse is another form of child abuse, which is when an adult uses a child in a sexual way or in sexual actions. Emotional abuse, is when a parent or caregiver begins to negatively affect a child’s emotional state and or development socially. The last form of child abuse is neglect. Child neglect is when a parent or caregiver is not providing the child with care, support, etc. Each form of child abuse can affect a child in many ways and can also cause issues for the child in their adult life (childhelp). Due to child abuse becoming such an epidemic there are now many organizations, legislation, and support for children and families experiencing this traumatic event. What is the cause of this issue? It has been found that many believe that parents who abuse their children have severe mental illness. However, that is not the case at all, but is has been found that there are variety of things that affect a family and parents, which possibly result in child abuse. It has been found that someShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Child Abuse On Children935 Words   |  4 PagesChild abuse has been an issue in America since the beginning of time, but lately there has gradually been an increase in reported incidents of abuse. There are several types of child abuse that are present in today’s society. The different types of abuse include physical, emotional and sexual abuse. Of the different maltreatment types, four-fifths (78.3%) of unique victims were neglected, 17.6 percent were physically abused, 9.2 percent were sexually abused, 8.1 percent were psychologically maltreatedRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals corrected. However , there are cases that have not been solved or not stopped by the law. Child abuse is common. Child abuse can be caused by a variety of reasons. Scientist have been studying and they have some ideas on what prompt people to harm children (Ian Hacking). They are trying to end child abuse, but there is so much they can do. Many children abuse incidents are not reported. Child abuse may have many causes as in way the abuser does it. One specific factor is the background of theRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children913 Words   |  4 Pagesseveral types of abuse, there’s physical, emotional, verbal and several others abuses. But the abuse I would like to focus on is child abuse. Domestic violence towards children is important because there is a way to prevent it from happening. Typical parents and caregivers do not intend to abuse their children. Abuse is mainly directed toward the behaviors that are given off towards one another. Author David Gil defines child abuse a s an occurrence where a caretaker injures a child, not by accidentRead MoreChild Abuse Is An Effect On Children1657 Words   |  7 PagesIn 2010 according to the census bureau there were 74,100,000 U.S children between the ages of 0-17 being abused and 3.3 million referrals. This effected on average 1-10 U.S families and children, there were more than 32,200,000 U.S families with children under the age of 18 according to the 2010 census bureau. From the 3.3 million hotline calls in 2010 there were less than 475,000 sustained cases (2010 NCANDS: 436,321 sustained +24,976 indicated = 461,297 total) resulting in about 15% of hotlineRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1317 Words   |  6 PagesChild abuse has long been an ongoing social problem; this abuse has been one of the repeatedly difficult accusations to prove in our criminal justice system. Child abuse causes many years of suffering for victims. Children abused suffer from chemical imbalances, behavioral issues and are at high risk for becoming abusers or being abused in adult relationships. This cycle of learned behavior and suffering will be a hopeless reoccurring problem unless the criminal justice system and protocols for abusersRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1488 Words   |  6 Pages â€Æ' In addressing child abuse we are confronted with a series of problems. On the one hand, there is a lack of the true extent of the phenomenon because no data are available and that the issue, often refers to the most intimate spaces of family life. Furthermore, cultural and historical traditions affect the way each society faces this problem. Finally, there are varying opinions as to its definition and classification, as well as the consequences of child abuse may have and its subsequent therapeuticRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1263 Words   |  6 Pages Child Abuse Child abuse is any behavior which, by action or omission, produces physical or psychological damage to a person less than 18 years, affecting the development of his personality. In homes, it is believed that the most effective way to educate children is using the abuse. This form of punishment it used as an instrument of correction and moral training strategy as it is the first and most persistent justification of damage and maltreated mothers parents inflict on their children. SocietyRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1160 Words   |  5 PagesMost parents and other caregivers do not intend to hurt their children, but abuse is defined by the effect on the child, not the motivation of the parents or caregiver. Tens of thousands of children each year are traumatized by physical, sexual, and emotional abusers or by caregivers who neglect them, making child abuse as common as it is shocking. Most of us can’t imagine what would make an adult use violence against a child, and the worse the behavior is, the more unimaginable it seems. ButRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1227 Words   |  5 Pagesreports of child abuse are made involving more than 6 million children. The United States has one of the worst records of child abuse losing 4-7 children a day to the abuse. Abuse is when any behavior or action that is used to scare, harm, threaten, control or intimidate another person. Child abuse is a behavior outside the norms of conduct and entails substantial risk of causing physical or emotional harm. There are four main types of child abuse; physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, andRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1132 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Child abuse takes many different forms. Including physical, sexual, emotional, or neglect of a children by parents, guardians, or others responsible for a child s welfare. Regardless of the type of abuse, the child’s devolvement is greatly impacted. The child’s risk for emotional, behavioral, academic, social, and physical problems in life increase. According to the Child Maltreatment Report by the Children’s Bureau (1999) the most common form of child abuse in the United States is